Index
A
Aaron, Hank, 455
Abernathy, Ralph David,
abolition movement
about, 85
arguing for/against slavery,
colonization (emigration) movement,
effects of proslavery politics,
Emancipation Proclamation and, 115
key abolitionists,
Lincoln and,
managing divide between slavery and freedom,
reading and writing,
societies, 86
Underground Railroad,
Abrams, Stacey, 257
Abyssinia (musical), 336
accommodationist policy,
Adam Negro's 309
Adams, Abigail, 58
Adams, Henry, 139
Adams, John, 59
Addicted (Zane), 328
Adjaye, David, 26
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain), 16
Affordable Care Act (ACA), 238
Afonso I,
Africa,
“African,” as a term, 16
“African American,” as a term, 16
African American History For Dummies (Penrice), 1
African American Lives (docuseries), 126
African Baptist (“Bluestone”) Church, 266
African Grove Theater, 332
African Institution, 95
African Lodge, 62
African Methodist Episcopal (AME), 267
African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AMEX),
The African Origin of Civilization (Diop), 37
Africanus, Leo, 43
“Afro-American,” as a term, 16
Agricultural Adjustment Association (AAA), 159
AIDS,
Aiken, George, 337
Ailey, Alvin,
Alabama,
Alabama Christian Movement, 182
Albany Movement, 203
Aldridge, Ira, 332
Alexander, Margaret Walker, 325
Alexander, Michelle, 22
Alfonso V, King of Portugal, 43
Ali, Muhammed, 466
Ali, Noble Drew,
Alito, Samuel, 292
All God's Chilun Got Wings (play), 339
All In (documentary), 257
all-Black casts,
Allen, Debbie, 355
Allen, Louis, 191
Allen, Macon B., 482
Allen, Richard, 274
Allen, William Francis, 362
Almoravids, 35
Alpha Kappa Alpha, 305
Alpha Phi Alpha, 305
American Anti-Slavery Society, 90
American Colonization Society,
American Descendants of Slavery (ADOS), 30
“American dream,” achieving the,
American Negro Academy, 149
American Negro Theater (ANT), 343
American Revolution, 69
Ames, Adelbert, 132
Amnegro Films, 398
ANC (Aid to Needy Children) Mothers Anonymous of Watts, 217
Anderson, Elijah, 101
Anderson, Garland, 341
Anderson, William, 180
Andrew, James Osgood, 270
Angelou, Maya, 324
Anna Lucasta (play), 343
Annie Allen (Brooks), 485
Another Country (Baldwin), 321
Anthony, Susan B., 130
antiphony. music
Antoine, C.C., 129
Appearances (play), 341
Appomattox Courthouse, 117
Arabella (ship), 53
Arbery, Ahmaud, 251
Arkansas,
Armstrong, Louis, 373
Arrington, Richard, Jr., 221
Arte de los contratos (de Albornoz), 43
Ashe, Arthur, 474
Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), 10
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH), 10
Atkinson, Charles,
Atlanta Compromise, 148
Atlanta Public Schools cheating scandal, 294
Atlanta Race Riot (1906),
Attaway, William, 319
Attucks, Crispus, 59
The Autobiography of Malcolm X (Haley and Malcolm X), 491
The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man (Johnson), 316
avant garde jazz, 371
B
Baby Momma Drama (Weber), 328
Baez, Joan, 185
Baker, Ella, 216
Bakke v. California Board of 303
Baldwin, James, 321
Baldwin, Ruth Standish, 154
Bale, Christian, 37
Baltimore, Charles, 143
Baltimore Riots,
Bambara, Toni Cade, 324
Bandana Land (musical), 336
banjo, 364
Bank of America, 252
banking,
Banneker, Benjamin, 89
Baptist War, 46
Baraka, Amiri, 323
Barber, William, 278
Barbour, Nelson H., 282
Barnes, Stephen, 326
Barnett, Ross, 181
Barr, Will, 256
106
Barry, Marion, 179
baseball,
basketball,
Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 500
Bass, Karen, 253
Bates, Daisy, 216
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), 114
Battle of Vicksburg, 117
Baylor, Elgin, 460
Beal, Francis,
Beamon, Bob, 471
Bearden, Romare, 498
beauty companies, 225
Beauty Shop (play), 346
bebop,
Before the Mayflower (Bennett), 14
Bel, Ricky, 23
Bell, Alexander Graham, 18
Bell, Sean, 229
Bell, W. Kamau, 250
Beloved (Morrison), 492
Belton, Ethel, 166
Belton, Sharon Sayles, 222
Belton v. 166
Benezet, Anthony, 288
Bennett, Lerone, 14
Berea College, 296
Berlin, Ira, 67
Bernal, Martin, 37
Berry, Chuck, 17
Berry, Halle,
Berry, Mary Frances, 31
Berry, Shawn, 229
Bertelsen, Phil, 199
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 216
Bevel, James, 183
Beyoncé, 306
Biden, Joe,
big band jazz, 369
Big Freedia, 237
Big White Fog 343
Biggers, John, 499
Birther Movement, 279
The Birth of a Nation (film), 394
Bivins, Michael, 23
“Black,” as a term, 16
Black activism, 227
Black AIDS Institute, 229
Black American Faces icon, 4
Black and Blue (musical), 346
Black Arts Movement,
Black 37
Black Catholics,
Black Caucus, 220
Black church,
Black Church Action Fund, 250
Black Codes, 122
Black demagogues,
Black Doctors COVID-19 Consortium, 250
Black Drama (Mitchell), 337
Black Entertainment Television (BET),
Black Exodus,
Black Fire (Baraka and Neal), 323
Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs),
Black heritage, celebrating,
Black History Month, 23
Black inferiority, 88
Black Liberation Army (BLA), 211
Black liberation theology, 276
Black literature,
Black Lives Matter (BLM), 278
Black Masons, 62
Black Nationalism, 13
Black Panther (film), 24
Black Panther Party (BPP),
Black Power movement, See also specific topics
Black pride,
Black Indian Masters (Krauthamer), 126
Black Star Line Steamship Corporation, 158
Black Theology and Black Power (Cone), 265
Black towns,
Black Voices (Chapman), 323
Black Women's Liberation Committee (BWLC),
A Black Explorer at the North Pole (Henson), 483
A Black Woman's Civil War Memoirs (King Taylor), 117
The Blacker the Berry (Thurman), 341
blackface, 333
Black-ish (TV 433
#BlackLivesMatter, 241
The Black Book (Morrison), 325
The Black Church in the African American Experience (Lincoln and Mamiya), 265
The Black Megachurch (Tucker-Worgs), 273
The Black Panthers (documentary), 212
The Black Woman (Bambara), 324
Blair, Ezell, Jr.,
Blair, James, 262
Blake (Delany), 312
Blake, Eubie, 340
Blanco, Kathleen, 232
Bland, Sandra,
Blanton, Thomas, 189
Blassingame, John W., 14
Blesh, Rudi, 362
Blige, Mary J., 229
blood bank, 18
Bloody Sunday (1965), 194
Blue Blood (play), 342
blue notes, 367
blues,
Blues People (Baraka), 322
The Bluest Eye (Morrison), 324
Bluett, Thomas, 53
Boaz, Franz, 317
Bogle, Donald, 484
Bolden, Charles “Buddy,” 373
Bolling v. 166
Bond, J. Max., Jr., 26
Bond, Julian, 221
Bonner family, 26
Booker, Cory, 253
Bookerites, 150
Booth, John Wilkes, 120
Bosley, Freeman, Jr., 222
Boston Massacre, 59
Bottoms, Keisha Lance, 253
boxing,
boycotts,
Boyer, Nate, 246
Boykin, Keith, 237
Boynton v. 179
Bradford, Perry, 365
Bradley, Joseph P., 147
Bradley, Tom, 221
Brando, Marlon, 185
Braun, Carol Mosley, 219
breakdancing, 353
Breed, London,
Breedlove, Sarah, 152
Brewer, Lawrence, 231
Bridgeman, Valerie, 275
Bridges, Ruby, 291
Briggs, Harry, 165
Briggs v. 165
broad marriages, 68
Bronner, Dale,
Brooke, Edward, 130
Brooke, Edward W., III, 220
Brooks, Gwendolyn,
Brooks, Rayshard, 251
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 161
Browder, Aurelia,
Browder v. 176
Brown, Bob, 211
Brown, Debra M., 236
Brown, Edward, 88
Brown, Elaine, 213
Brown, James, 383
Brown, James Henry, 332
Brown, Jazebo, 367
Brown, John,
Brown, LaTosha, 253
Brown, Lee P., 222
Brown, Michael, 278
Brown, Mike, 232
Brown, Morris, 270
Brown, Ron, 222
Brown, Rory, 17
Brown, Sterling K., 231
Brown, William Wells, 337
Brown, Willie, 222
Brown University, 68
Brown v. Board of 303
Bruce, Blanche K.,
Bryan, Andrew, 266
Bryant, Carolyn, 171
Bryant, Jamal Harrison, 278
Bryant, Kobe, 461
Buchanan v. 153
Bulah, Sarah, 166
Bulah v. 166
Bunch, Lonnie, III, 26
Bunche, Ralph, 484
Bundles, A'Lelia, 152
Burke, Tarana, 218
Burke, Yvonne Braithwaite, 220
Bush, Cori, 256
Bush, George W., 304
business,
Bussey, Charles E., Jr., 221
Butler, Benjamin, 127
Butler, Octavia E., 326
By the Meet Vera Stark (play), 350
Byrd, Harry F., Sr., 169
Byrd, James, Jr., 231
Byrd, William, 266
C
Cable, George Washington, 368
Caillous, André, 116
cakewalk, 351
Calhoun, John C., 104
California, 104
call-and-response music, 360
Cameron, Daniel, 21
Cane (Toomer), 317
Cannick, Jasmyne, 237
Cantrell, LaToya, 250
Cardozo, Francis L., 129
Cardozo, T.W., 129
Caribbean slavery,
Carmen Jones (musical), 345
Carmichael, Stokely, 208
Carnell, Yvette, 30
Carney, William H., 483
carpetbagger, 121
Carter, Betty,
Carter, Jimmy, 304
Carter, Michelle,
Carver, George Washington, 301
Cary, Mary Ann Shad, 151
Cash, Herman, 189
Castile, Philando, 245
Catholicism,
Cedric the Entertainer,
Central Avenue jazz,
Central High School, 291
Chamberlain, Wilt, 460
Chambliss, Robert Edward, 189
Chaney, James, 192
Chapman, Abraham, 323
Chappelle, Dave, 418
Charles I, King of Spain, 43
Charleston Church Massacre, 244
Charna, Dan,
Chauvin, Derek,
Cheat Sheet (website), 5
Cherry, Bobby Frank, 189
Chesnutt, Charles, 314
Chester, Thomas Morris, 119
Chestnut, Charles W., 326
Cheyney University,
Chicago, Illinois, 144
Chicago Freedom Movement (CFM), 202
children's march, 183
The Chip Woman's Fortune (play), 341
Chisholm, Shirley, 221
Chrisman, Robert, 323
Christianity,
Christmas Uprising, 46
church,
Church, Frank, 212
Church of God in Christ (COGIC),
cimarrones, 46
City of Refuge (Fisher), 316
civil rights
about,
Birmingham, Alabama,
Black Literature from,
Black Power,
Civil Rights Act (1964),
death of King, Jr.,
Freedom Summer,
post-,
pre-,
Project Alabama,
race relations in the north,
Voting Rights Act (1965),
Civil Rights Act (1866), 12
Civil Rights Act (1875), 147
Civil Rights Act (1964),
Civil Rights Act (1968), 205
Civil Rights Cases of 147
Civil Rights movement. See also Brown v. Board of Martin Luther, Jr.
about, 163
boycotts,
increasing Federal involvement,
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963),
marches,
1963,
Ole Miss,
sit-ins,
Till, Emmett,
Civil War
about, 109
Confederate Army,
early days of,
Emancipation Proclamation,
end of,
end of Reconstruction,
Fifteenth Amendment, 130
government intervention and,
post-,
Reconstruction,
slavery and,
Thirteenth Amendment,
Union Army and,
Clark, Jim, 194
Clark, Kenneth, 165
Clark, Mamie Phipps, 165
Clark, Mark, 213
Clark, Mattie Moss,
Clarkson, Thomas, 89
class distinctions,
class wars, cocaine and, 227
classic blues, 365
classical dance,
Clay, Henry,
Clay, William L., 220
Cleaver, Eldridge, 211
Cleaver, Emmanuel, 222
Cleaver, Kathleen Neal, 213
Cleopatra (film), 37
Cleveland, James, 377
Clinton, Bill, 222
Clinton, Hillary, 255
the Origin of the Cakewalk (musical), 336
312
Clotilda (ship), 113
Cloud, John, 194
Clutchette, John, 210
Clyburn, James “Jim,” 253
Coachman, Alice, 471
Coates, Ta-Nehisi, 30
Coats, John, 67
cocaine,
Cochran, Johnnie,
Cochran, Thad, 146
Coffin, Catharine, 100
Coffin, Levi, 100
cohabitation, among enslaved people, 45
The Coldest Winter Ever (Souljah), 328
Cole, Bob, 336
Cole, Johnetta B., 304
Coleman, Johnnie, 275
Coleman-Singleton, Sharonda, 244
Colfax Courthouse, Massacre at, 131
Collins, Addie Mae, 188
Collins, Patricia Hill, 219
Colonization Council, 139
colonization (emigration) movement,
Color Struck (play), 342
“colored,” as a term, 16
Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union, 138
Colored Women of America, 151
Colored Women's Progressive Franchise Association, 151
The Colored Players Film Corporation, 395
The Color Purple (Walker), 492
Columbus, Christopher,
Colvin, Claudette,
Combs, Sean “Diddy,” 15
comedy,
Committee for the Improvement of Industrial Conditions Among Negroes, 154
Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, 154
Common, 414
Compromise of 1850, 104
Cone, James H., 265
Confederate battle flag,
Confederate soldiers,
Confederate States of America (CSA), 110
Confirmation (film), 218
Confiscation Acts (1861 and 1862), 114
Congo, 43
Congo Square, 368
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 215
Congressional Medal of Honor, first Black recipient of, 483
Conjur Man Dies (play), 343
The Conjure and Conjure Tales (Chesnutt), 314
Connecticut, 60
Connecticut Emancipation Society, 94
Connor, Bull,
Considerations On Keeping Negroes (Woolman), 60
Conyers, John, 30
Coogler, Ryan,
Cook, Will Marion, 336
Cooke, Henry, 128
Cooke, Jay, 128
Coolidge, Calvin, 158
Cooper, Iris,
Copeland, Misty,
Copeland, Raniyah, 229
Corbett, Kizzmekia “Kizzy,” 250
The Corner (film), 436
Cornish, Samuel E., 94
Corporate Restitution Movement, 28
Corrie, William, 105
Cortés, Hernán, 41
The Cosby Show (TV show),
Cosgrove, Myles, 251
Cotton, Tom, 27
cotton gin, 71
cotton plantations,
Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO), 212
Coushatta, murders in, 131
COVID-19,
Cox, Laverne, 237
crack cocaine,
Creating Black Americans (Painter), 14
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, 219
The Creole Show (musical theater), 335
crime and the criminal justice system, 156
The Crisis (magazine), 153
A Critique of the Slave Trade (de Mercado), 43
Crittenden, John J., 110
Crittenden-Johnson Resolution, 121
Cromwell, Oliver, 60
Crosby, Peter, 131
Crowley, James, 238
Crummell, Alexander, 149
Crump, Benjamin, 239
Crusade for 141
Cuffe, Paul,
Cullen, Countee, 319
Cullors, Patrisse, 242
cultural contributions,
cultural tourism,
Cumming, Elijah, 248
curse of Ham, 88
cycling, 477
D
Dabney, John,
Dabney, Robert Lewis, 88
The Dahomean (Yerby), 321
Daley, Richard, 202
dance,
Darden, Christopher, 230
Dark Alliance (Webb), 228
Dark Matter (Butler), 326
Darktown Follies (musical), 351
Davies, Ronald N.,
Davies, Samuel, 263
Davis, A.K., 129
Davis, Angela, 237
Davis, Calvin P., 144
Davis, Jefferson, 133
Davis, Miles, 374
Davis, Ossie, 345
Davis, Sammy, Jr., 353
Davis, Viola, 425
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward 166
de Albornoz, Bartolomé, 43
de Balboa, Vasco Núñez, 41
de Boré, Jean Étienne, 71
De La Beckwith, Byron, 184
de la Matosa, Francisco, 47
de Mercado, Fray Tomás, 43
de Montúfar, Alonso, 43
de Vaca, Alvar Núñez Cabeza, 41
Declaration of Independence, 61
The Declaration and Confession of a 309
Def Comedy Jam, 419
A Defence of Virginia (Dabney), 88
DeLaine, Joseph A., 165
Delany, Martin R., 312
Delany, Samuel R., 326
DeLarge, Robert, 130
Delaware, 113
Delta blues, 365
Delta Sigma Theta, 306
Demings, Val, 253
“Denmark Vesey and His Co-Conspirators” (Johnson), 77
Denmark Vesey's Uprising,
Denny, Reginald, 230
Denton, Vachell, 53
DePriest, Oscar, 220
Derby, Doris, 344
Derham, James,
desegregation, 303
Desire (slave ship), 50
Devil in a Blue Dress (Mosley), 328
Devine, Annie, 193
Devoe, Ronnie, 23
DeVos, Betsy, 295
Diallo, Amadou, 229
Diallo, Ayuba Suleiman, 53
Diary of a Mad Black Woman (musical), 346
A Different World (TV show), 431
Diffrent Strokes (TV show), 429
Diggs, Daveed, 24
Dinkins, David, 219
Diop, Cheikh Anta, 37
Diouf, Sylvanie A., 80
discriminatory policies, inequalities in, 20
Divine, Father,
Divine Nine,
DMX, 414
DNA testing, 9
Doctor, Depayne Middleton, 244
Dollar, Creflo, 274
Dollar, Taffi, 275
Don King (film), 436
Dorsey, Decatur, 117
Dorsey, Thomas Andrew,
double consciousness, 61
“Double V” campaign, 161
Doughty, Charles, 270
Douglas, Aaron,
Douglas, Stephen A., 105
Douglass, Frederick, 488
Douglass, H. Ford, 118
Dreamgirls (musical),
Dretzin, Rachel, 199
Drew, Charles, 18
Drew, Howard, 471
Drexel, Katharine, 282
drivers, 73
drug trafficking, 228
Drumgo, Fleeta, 210
Du, Soon Ja, 230
Du Bois, W.E.B., 489
du Sable, Jean Baptiste Pointe, 25
Dumas, F.E., 118
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 336
Dunbar-Nelson, Alice, 325
Dunham, Katherine, 354
Dunmore, Lord, 59
Dunn, Oscar J., 129
Durham, William Howard, 272
Durr, Clifford, 174
DuSable Museum of African American History, 25
Dutchman (play), 322
DuVernay, Ava,
Dwight, Ed, 77
Dylan, Bob, 185
E
East St. Louis riots (1917), 143
Eastern Colored League, 452
Eaton, John, 127
Ebony Film Corporation, 395
Echo (ship), 105
economic empowerment,
Edison, Thomas, 18
education,
Edwards, Jonathan, 263
Egerton, Douglas R., 76
Egypt, 37
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 291
election, 2020,
Election Day, 219
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA),
Eliot, John,
Ellington, Edward Kennedy “Duke,” 373
Elliott, Robert Brown, 165
Ellison, Ralph, 491
Elmina Castle, 39
emancipation, pre-,
Emancipation Proclamation,
Emanuel, Rahm, 243
Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, 244
Emerson, John, 106
emigration (colonization) movement,
Emmett Till Antilynching Act, 146
The Emperor Jones (play), 339
empires, African,
empowerment zones, 224
Encinia, Brian,
Enforcement Act (1870), 133
England, 115
equal education, 19
Equal Rights Association, 130
equality, strategies for achieving,
Erving, Julius “Dr. J.,” 460
escape, from slavery, 46
The Escape; a Leap of Freedom (play), 337
Essay on Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), 172
Ethiopian minstrelsy, 333
Ethnic Notions (documentary), 337
Europe, James Reese, 373
European slave trade,
Eventide (poem),
Evers, Medgar, 203
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA),
Executive Order 8802, 161
Executive Order 9981, 160
Exodus (film), 37
Exoduster Movement of 1879,
explorers, first Black,
Eyes on the Prize 212
F
The Fabric of a Man (play), 346
face vessels, 495
The Facts of Life (TV show), 429
The Facts of Reconstruction (Lynch), 129
Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC), 160
Fair Fight, 257
Fair Housing Act, 205
Fairbanks, Calvin, 99
Fairfield, John, 100
family life, 227
Fard, Wallace D., 280
Farmer, James, 185
Farmer-Paellmann, Deadria, 28
Farrakhan, Louis, 280
Farrow, Lucy, 272
fashion designer, first Black, 485
Faubus, Orval,
Faulkner, William, 24
Fauset, Jessie Redmon, 325
Federal Theater Project (FTP),
Felton, Rebecca, 142
fencing,
Ferguson, Missouri, 242
Fetchit, Stepin, 400
field slaves,
Fifteenth Amendment, 217
films
about,
all-Black casts,
awards, 426
Black actors/actresses,
Black directors,
early Black roles,
hood films,
Lee, Spike,
1940s-1960s,
1960s-1970s,
non-hood genre,
Finding Your Roots (Haley), 9
The Fire Next Time (Baldwin), 321
First Baptist Church of Williamsburg, 26
Fisher, Mel, 55
Fisher, Rudolph, 316
Fisk Jubilee Singers, 361
Fitzgerald, Ella, 372
Flake, Floyd, 277
Flanagan, Hallie, 342
The Flip Wilson Show (TV show), 428
Flood, Curt, 455
Florida,
Florida v. George 240
Floyd, George, 302
folktales, 308
food and food rations,
football,
Ford, Henry, 155
Forman, James, 179
Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 118
Fort Pillow Massacre, 118
Fortune, T. Thomas, 150
Foster, Andrew “Rube,” 452
Foster Photoplay Company, 397
Four Little Girls (film), 189
Fourteenth Amendment, 190
The Foxes of Harrow (Yerby), 321
Foxx, Jamie, 417
Frank Silvera Writers' Workshop (FSWW), 344
Franklin, Aretha,
Franklin, Benjamin, 86
Franklin, John Hope, 14
Franklin, Kirk,
fraternities,
Frazier, Darnella, 21
Frederick Douglass' Paper (newspaper), 93
Free African Society, 267
Free African Union Society, 95
“free” Black Americans,
Free Black Haitians, 60
free jazz, 371
Free Southern Theater (FST), 344
Freedman's Bank,
Freedman's Bureau Bill (1866), 12
Freedmen's Bureau, 298
Freedmen's Bureau Act, 125
freedom, from slavery,
Freedom Rides,
Freedom Summer,
Freedom Vote, 191
Freedom's Journal (newspaper), 93
Freelon, Philip, 26
Freeman, Michael E.,
Freeman, Morgan, 423
Freeman-Wilson, Karen,
The Free Speech (newspaper), 141
French and Indian War, 58
The Fresh Prince of Bel Air (TV show), 432
From Slavery to Freedom (Franklin), 14
Fruitvale Station (film), 241
Frye, Marquette,
Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 104
Fugitive Slave Clause,
Fuhrman, Mark, 230
Fulton, Sabrina, 239
The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina (Locke), 60
funk, 385
F.W. Woolworth Company,
G
Gabriel's Rebellion, 76
Gabriel's Rebellion (Egerton), 76
Gage, Thomas, 58
Gaines, Clarence “Big House,” 458
Gaines, Ernest, 24
Galpin, George, 266
Gamble, Kenneth, 387
Gandhi, Mahatma (Mohandas),
Gantt, Harvey, 221
Gardner, James Daniel, 117
The Garles and Their Friends (Webb), 312
Garmback, Frank, 243
Garner, Eric, 278
Garnet, Henry Highland, 107
Garrett, Thomas, 99
Garrison, William Lloyd, 93
Garrisonism, 90
Garvey, Marcus,
Garza, Alicia, 241
Garza, Malachi, 241
Gates, Henry Louis, 312
The Genius of Universal Emancipation (newspaper), 93
George, David, 266
George III, King of England, 58
Georgetown University, 68
Georgia,
Ghana, 35
Gibson, Bob, 455
Gibson, Josh, 453
Giddings, Paula, 219
Gilpin, Charles, 339
Gilpin Players, 341
Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 217
Giovanni, Nikki,
Gleaves, Richard H., 129
Glory (film), 118
Glover, Savion, 353
Go Tell It on the Mountain (Baldwin), 321
Goldberg, Whoopi, 419
Golden Boy (musical), 345
Goldman, Ron, 230
Goldsberry, Renée, 24
golf,
Good Times (TV show), 429
Goode, Wilson, 221
Goodell, Roger, 247
Goodman, Andrew, 192
Gordon, Nathaniel, 113
Gorée Island, 56
Gospel music,
Gottschalk, Louis Moreau, 362
Gragston, Arnold, 101
grandfather clauses, 133
Granny Moumee (play), 338
Grant, Oscar, 241
Grant, Ulysses S., 132
grants,
Gray, Fred, 174
Gray, Freddie, 245
Gray, John,
Gray, Victoria, 193
Grayson, Mary, 126
Great Awakenings,
Great Depression, 290
Great Dismal Swamp, 80
Great Exodus,
Great Jamaican Slave Revolt, 46
Great Migration,
Greeley, Horace, 108
Green, Benjamin T., 140
Green, Ernest, 168
Greene, Lorenzo, 14
The Green Pastures (play), 339
Gregory, Wilton D., 282
Grier, Pam, 403
Guerrero, Vicente, 47
Guinn v. United 153
Gurira, Danai, 350
gymnastics, 477
H
Haddish, Tiffany,
Haitian Revolution, 77
Haley, Alex, 491
Haley, Nikki, 29
Hall, Anne Marie Becraft, 68
Hall, Arsenio,
Hall, Isaac Hawkins, 68
Hall, Prince, 95
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 216
Hamilton (show), 24
Hamilton, Alexander, 86
Hamlin, Larry Leon, 351
Hammer and Hoe (Kelley), 14
Hammon, Jupiter,
Hammond, Henry, 88
Hampton, Fred, 222
Hanco*ck, John, 309
Handy, W.C., 364
Hankison, Brett, 251
Hannah-Jones, Nikole,
Hanrahan, Edward, 212
Hansberry, Lorraine, 345
hard bop, 371
Harlan, John Marshall, 147
Harlem (play), 341
Harlem Renaissance,
Harlin, Latasha, 230
Harmon, William E., 318
Harmon Foundation, 318
Harper, Douglas, 67
Harper, Frances E.W., 325
Harper v. Virginia Board of 195
Harpers Ferry,
Harris, E. Lynn, 328
Harris, Jeremy O., 350
Harris, Joel Chandler, 314
Harris, Kamala, 292
Harris, Leslie M., 27
Harris, Michael W., 376
Harris, Wynonie, 17
Harrison, Benjamin, 139
Hart, Kevin, 418
Harvey, Steve, 418
Hatcher, Richard B., 220
Hayes, Rutherford B., 133
Haynes, Edmund, 154
HBCUs, 304
healthcare, 156
Healy, Patrick Francis, 281
Hearn, Lafcadio, 368
Height, Dorothy, 216
Hemings, Sally, 312
Hendrix, Jimi, 381
Henrietta Marie (slave ship), 55
Henry, Aaron, 191
Henry the Navigator,
Henson, Matthew Alexander,
Herenton, W.W., 222
“Heritage” (poem), 11
Heritage Act (2000), 29
Heston, Charlton, 185
Hewlett, James, 332
Hidden Figures (film), 23
The Hidden Cost of Being African American (Shapiro), 223
Higher Education Act (1965), 304
higher learning,
Highley, D.L., 417
Hill, Abram, 343
Hill, Andre Maurice, 251
Hill, Anita, 218
Hill, James, 129
Hill, Jemele,
Himes, Chester, 319
Hine, Darlene Clark, 219
Hines, Gregory, 353
hip-hop,
historians,
Historical Roots icon, 4
History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880 (Washington), 13
HIV,
Hoffman, Abbie, 209
Hogan, Ernest, 362
Holder, Eric, 240
Holiday, Billie “Lady Day,”
Home (Morrison), 327
homeownership,
Homestead Act, 128
hood films,
hooks, bell, 219
Hooks, Robert, 344
Hoover, J. Edgar, 189
Hopkins, Harry, 160
Hopkins, Pauline E., 335
Horne, Lena, 345
horse racing,
Hoskins, Michele, 225
hospitals, 124
House, Callie, 31
house slaves,
housing, 156
Houston, Charles Hamilton, 164
Houston riots (1917),
Howard, Jacob M., 100
Howard, Oliver, 125
Howard, T.R.M., 191
Howard University, 297
The Howard Players,
Howell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 220
H.R. 40 Bill to Commission to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act, 30
Hudson, Cheryl and Wade, 329
Huff, Leon, 387
Huggins, Ericka (Jenkins), 213
Hughes, Cathy, 224
Hughes, Langston, 483
Humphrey, Hubert, 204
Humphreys, Richard, 295
Hunt, William, 53
Hurd, Cynthia Marie Graham, 244
Hurricane Katrina, 232
Hurst, E.H., 191
Hurston, Zora Neale, 490
Hutton, Bobby, 209
Hyers, Emma Louise, 335
I
Ice Cube, 414
icons, explained, 4
Ida (Giddings), 14
If God Is Willing and da Creek Don't Rise (docuseries), 232
If I Did It (Simpson), 231
Ike, Reverend, 284
Imperialism, 157
imprisonment, cocaine and, 227
In Abraham's Bosom (play), 339
In Dahoney (musical), 336
In Living Color (TV show), 432
In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens (Walker), 325
In Their Own Words icon, 4
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Jacobs), 311
income inequalities, 20
Industrial Revolution, 65
Innis, Roy, 223
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus 311
International Sweethearts of Rhythm, 374
interracial relationships, as a theme in films, 401
Intimate Apparel (play), 349
inventors, 18
Invisible Life (Harris), 328
Invisible Man (Ellison), 491
Iola Leroy (Harper), 313
Iota Phi Theta, 305
Isham, John W., 335
Iverson, Allen “Al,” 461
J
Jack, Sam T., 335
Jackson, George, 210
Jackson, Jesse, 277
Jackson, Jimmie Lee, 194
Jackson, Mahalia, 376
Jackson, Maynard, 221
Jackson, Michael, 353
Jackson, Natalie, 239
Jackson, Rebecca Cox, 274
Jackson, Reggie,
Jackson, Samuel L., 424
Jackson, Susie, 244
Jacob-Jenkins, Branden, 350
Jacobs, Harriet, 311
Jakes, T.D., 273
Jamaica (musical), 345
“the Jamaica train,” 71
James, Joe, 143
James, LeBron, 462
James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Act, 231
Jay, John, 86
Jay-Z, 15
jazz,
Jazz (Morrison), 327
Jeantel, Rachel, 239
Jefferson, Lemon, 365
Jefferson, Thomas, 312
The Jeffersons (TV show), 429
Jeffries, Herb, 398
Jeffries, Jim, 336
Jehovah's Witnesses,
Jelly's Last Jam (musical), 346
Jenkins, Barry, 409
Jeremiah, Thomas, 59
Jeter, J.A., 271
Jim Crow
about,
Black Exodus,
Black towns,
Great Depression,
Great Migration,
lynchings,
organizations,
Plessy v.
post-Reconstruction,
riots/massacres,
strategies for achieving equality,
World War II, 161
John III, King of Portugal, 44
John III, Pope, 43
Johns, Barbara Rose, 166
Johns, Vernon, 166
Johnson, Amelia E., 329
Johnson, Andrew, 204
Johnson, Bill, 369
Johnson, Bob, 32
Johnson, Charles S., 318
Johnson, Columbus M., 139
Johnson, Earvin “Magic,”
Johnson, Edna,
Johnson, Georgia Douglas, 342
Johnson, Harvey, Jr., 222
Johnson, Jack,
Johnson, James Weldon, 316
Johnson, Joshua, 494
Johnson, Lyndon B., 215
Johnson, Michael, 472
Johnson, Robert, 366
Johnson, Rosamond, 336
Johnson, William, 83
Jones, Absalom, 267
Jones, Charles Colock, 264
Jones, Charles Price, 271
Jones, Ella, 256
Jones, Jasmine Cephas, 24
Jones, Jerry, 247
Jones, LeRoi, 322
Jones, Loïs Mailou, 497
Jones, Marion, 472
Jones, Samuel L., 144
Joplin, Scott, 363
Jordan, Louis, 379
Jordan, Michael, 461
Journal of African American 10
Joyner, Florence “Flo Jo,” 472
Joyner, Tom, 224
Joyner-Kersee, Jackie, 472
Judas and the Black Messiah (film), 212
Julia (TV series), 428
K
Kaepernick, Colin, 469
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), 105
Kappa Alpha Psi, 305
Kelley, Robin D.G., 14
Kellogg, William, 131
Kelly, Patrick, 485
Kelly, Sharon Pratt, 222
Kemp, Brian, 257
Kendi, Ibram X., 22
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 204
Kennedy, John F., 214
Kennedy, Robert F., 205
Kentucky, 113
Kentucky Derby, 482
Keyes v. Denver School District N. 291
Killen, Edgar Ray, 192
King, A.D., 183
King, B.B., 367
King, Coretta Scott,
King, Don, 467
King, J.L., 229
King, John William, 231
King, Marion, 276
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
about,
Albany Movement,
Birmingham, Alabama,
Chicago Freedom Movement, 202
death of,
Freedom Rides,
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom,
as a minister-activist, 278
Montgomery Bus Boycott,
philosophy of nonviolence,
Project Alabama,
sit-ins,
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 173
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 179
Where Do We Go From 258
King, Rodney, 230
King, Slater, 181
King, Woodie, Jr., 344
King Center, 25
King Taylor, Susie, 117
kitchenettes, 156
kneeling, for the National Anthem,
Knight, Etheridge,
Knorr, Nathan Horner, 282
Komunyakaa, Yusef, 27
Krauthamer, Barbara, 126
Krebs, Christopher, 256
Krigwa Players, 340
Ku Klux Klan,
Kueng, J. Alexander, 251
Kyles, Billy, 203
L
L.A. riots, 230
labor, 124
Lackawanna Blues (film), 437
The Lafayette Players, 338
Lafon, Thomy, 83
Lake, Howie, 245
Lamar, Charles, 105
Lane, Thomas, 251
Lane, William Henry, 351
Larsen, Nella, 325
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 43
Latifa, Queen,
Latimer, Lewis, 18
Latin America, slavery in,
law, first Black people practicing, 482
Lawrence, Jacob, 498
Lawrence, Martin, 417
Lee, Don L.,
Lee, George,
Lee, Jarena, 274
Lee, Robert E., 120
Lee, Sheila Jackson, 30
Lee, Spike,
Lee, Trymaine, 27
Legacy Museum From Enslavement to Mass Incarceration, 25
Legend, John, 23
Lemon, Don, 237
Leo X, Pope, 43
Leon, Kenny,
Leonard, Sugar Ray, 465
Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer (LGBTQ),
Let That Be the Reason (Stringer), 328
Levin, Richard, 68
Lewis, Carl, 472
Lewis, Cudjo,
Lewis, David Levering, 14
Lewis, Edmonia, 494
Lewis, Jane, 101
Lewis, John, 256
Lewis, Oliver, 482
Lewis, Reginald F., 225
Lewis, Samella, 499
Liberator (newspaper), 93
Liberty Party Paper (newspaper), 93
Liele, George, 266
Lift Up Thy Voice (song), 23
Liggins, Alfred, 224
Lil Nas X, 237
Lil Wayne, 254
Lilith's Brood 326
Lincoln, Abraham, 296
Lincoln, C. Eric, 265
Lincoln Motion Picture Company, 397
Lincoln University, 296
literacy test, 195
literary classics,
literature, contributions in, 17
Live Free, 250
Living Single (TV show), 432
LL Cool J, 414
Locke, Alain, 483
Locke, John, 60
Loeffler, Kelly, 256
Loehmann, Timothy, 243
Logan, Rayford, 138
Long, Jefferson, 130
Longvie, Texas, 144
Looby, Z. Alexander, 178
Lord Dunmore's Proclamation, 59
Lott, Trent, 146
Louis, Joe, 465
Louisiana Purchase (1803), 97
Lousiana Separate Car Act (19890), 147
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 77
love stories, as a theme in films, 401
Lovecraft Country (TV show), 1
Lowe, Jim, 334
Lowery, Joseph E., 256
Lundy, Benjamin, 93
Lyell, Charles, 269
Lyles, Aubrey, 340
Lyles, Vi,
Lynch, John Roy, 130
lynchings, 231
Lyrics of a Lowly Life (Dunbar), 314
M
Mabley, Moms, 237
Mac, Bernie, 417
Madah, Anna, 335
made-for-TV movies,
mainstream music,
Malcolm X, 491
Mali,
Malone, Annie Tumbo, 225
I Want to Sing! (musical), 346
Mama Day (Naylor), 324
Mamiya, Lawrence H., 265
Manley, Effa, 455
Manly, Alex, 142
Mansa Musa,
The Man from Dahomey (Yerby), 321
manumission, 60
Marable, Manning, 31
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963),
maroon communities,
marriage, 68
Marsh, Henry L., 221
Marshall, Andrew Cox, 269
Marshall, Paule, 325
Marshall, Thurgood, 218
Martin (TV show), 432
Martin, Sallie, 376
Martin, Tracy, 239
Martin, Trayvon,
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial,
Maryland, 113
Masks for the People, 250
Mason, Charles Harrison, 271
Mason, Charlotte Osgood, 318
Mason, John, 101
Mason-Dixon line, 98
Massachusetts, 60
Massacre at Colfax Courthouse, 131
massacres,
Mather, Cotton, 286
Matthews, W.D., 118
Mattingly, Jonathan, 251
Mays, Willie, 455
McBride, Dwight, 1
McBride, Michael, 250
McCabe, Edwin T., 139
McClain, Franklin,
McClellan, George B., 114
McClendon, John B.,
McCraney, Tarell Alvin,
McCulloch, Bob, 21
McDaniel, Hattie,
McDonald, Laquan, 243
McDonald, Susie,
McDonald's, 224
McDowell, Calvin, 141
McKay, Claude, 319
McKenzie, Vashti Murphy, 275
McKesson, DeRay, 242
McKissick, Fred, 200
McLaurin, George W., 164
McLaurin v. Oklahoma State 164
McMillan, Terry, 328
McNair, Denise, 188
McNeil, Joseph,
Me Too movement, 218
Meaher, Burns,
Meaher, Timothy,
media, black-owned,
medicine, first Black people practicing,
megachurches,
Megan Thee Stallion, 21
Meharry Medical College, 297
Mehserle, Johannes, 241
Meredith, James, 200
Meridian (Walker), 324
The 161
Metzl, Jonathan, 238
Mexican-American War, 103
Micheaux Film Corporation, 397
Middle Passage,
Milam, J.W., 171
militant abolitionism, 90
military, 214
Militia Act (1862), 112
Miller, Flournoy, 340
Miller, William, 283
Milliken's Bend, 117
Million Dollar Productions,
Milner, Denene, 329
Mind of My Mind (Butler), 326
minister-activists,
minister-politicians,
minstrelsy,
Miranda, Lin-Manuel, 24
The Mis-Education of the Negro (Woodson),
Miss Evers' Boys (film), 436
Mississippi, 192
Mississippi Burning (film), 192
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), 193
Mississippi Plan, 132
Missouri, 113
Missouri Compromise (1820), 106
Mitchell, Arthur, 355
Mitchell, Loften, 337
Mitchell, W.M., 101
modernism, 319
Molinar, Moe, 55
Mo'Nique, 420
Monroe, James, 96
Montgomery, Isaiah T., 140
Montgomery Bus Boycott,
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), 176
Moore, Amzie, 191
Moore, Antonio, 30
Moore, Darnell, 242
Moore, David, 55
Moore v. 153
Moorish Science Temple, 279
Moors, 37
Morga, Garrett A., 18
Morial, Ernest Nathan, 221
Morrill, Justin, 298
Morrill Acts,
Morris, Robert, Jr., 482
Morris, Wesley, 27
Morrison, Toni, 492
Morrisseau, Dominique, 350
Morse, Samuel F.B., 86
Morse code, 86
Morton, Jelly Roll, 368
Mos Def/Yaslin Bey, 414
Mosby, Marilyn,
Moses, Bob, 191
Moses, Edwin, 472
Moskowitz, Henry, 153
Mosley, Walter, 328
Moss, Thomas, 141
Motown,
Mound Bayou, 140
Muhammad, Elijah, 280
Muhammad, Khalil Gibran, 27
Muhammad, Warith Deen, 280
Mulatto (play), 341
multiple-effect evaporator,
Murphy, Eddie,
Murphy, Isaac, 482
Murray, Anna Pauline (Pauli), 218
Muse, Clarence,
music,
music videos,
Musk, Elon, 16
Muslims,
My My Freedom (Douglass), 103
My Brother's Keeper, 238
My Face is Black is True (Berry), 31
My Name Is Pauli Murray (documentary), 217
Myers, Walter Dean, 329
N
NAACP Legal Defense Fund, 165
nadir, 138
Nagin, Ray, 232
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (Douglass), 488
Nash, Diane, 179
Nashville, 178
Nat Turner's Rebellion, 287
Nation of Islam (NOI),
National Afro-American Council, 150
National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), 151
National Anthem, kneeling for the,
National Anti-Slavery 90
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 153
National Association of Colored Women (NACW), 151
National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC), 217
National Black Feminist Organization, 218
National Black Theater Festival (NBTF), 351
National Civil Rights Museum, 25
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), 29
National Council of Colored People, 482
National Council of Negro Women, 217
National Ex Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association, 31
National Federation of Afro-American Women, 151
National Football League (NFL),
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 159
National Labor Union, 128
National League for the Protection of Colored Women, 154
National Negro Business League (NNBL),
National Negro Labor Union, 128
National Organization for Women (NOW), 218
National Rainbow Coalition, 222
National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, 24
National Urban League (NUL), 156
National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO), 217
National Youth Administration, 160
Native Son (Wright), 490
naturalism, 319
Naylor, Gloria, 324
Neal, Larry, 323
“Negro,” as a term, 16
Negro Act (1740), 287
Negro American League, 452
Negro Factories Corporation, 157
Negro History Week, 13
Negro Leagues,
Negro National League, 451
Negro World (newspaper), 156
The Negro Ensemble Company (NEC), 344
The Negro in American Life and Thought (Logan), 138
The Negro in Our History (Woodson and Wesley), 14
The Negro Wage Earner (Woodson and Greene), 14
neighborhood violence, cocaine and,
Nelson, Stanley, 212
Netflix, 252
New Birth Missionary Baptist Church, 278
New Deal,
New England, 52
New England Anti-Slavery Society, 90
New Georgia Project, 257
New Negro Movement. Renaissance
New World, 41
New York Manumission Society, 86
Newsome, Bree, 29
The New Federal Theater, 344
The New Jim Crow (Alexander), 22
Newton, Huey, 213
Niagara Movement, 152
Nicholas, Fayard,
Nicholas V, Pope, 43
The Nicholas Brothers, 352
Nichols, Ray, 292
“nigg*r,” as a term, 16
nigg*r Heaven (Van Vechten), 318
Nineteenth Amendment, 195
Niño, Pedro Alonso, 41
Nixon, E.D., 177
Nkrumah, Kwame, 39
No Child Left Behind,
No Strings (musical), 345
Nobel Peace Prize, first Black recipient of, 484
nonviolence, 213
nonviolent direct action, 171
normal schools, 297
northern churches,
northern education,
northern slavery,
Northrup, Solomon, 92
The North Star (newspaper), 93
Northwest Ordinance (1787), 97
Notes of a Native Son (Baldwin), 321
Notes on the Origin and Necessity of Slavery (Brown), 88
Nottage, Lynn,
novels,
Noyes Academy, 297
Nuestra Señora de Atocha (ship), 55
O
O' Neal, Frederick, 343
Obama, Barack, See Lives Matter
Obama, Michelle, 234
Oberlin Collegiate Institute, 296
O'Brien, Soledad, 232
Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria,
O'Connor, Sandra Day, 292
The Octoroons (musical theater), 335
Odom, Leslie, Jr., 24
Oglethorpe, James, 53
O.J. (documentary), 231
Okeh Records, 365
Oklahoma, 139
Ole Miss,
O'Leary, Hazel, 222
Oliver, Joseph “King,” 369
Olympics, 473
Omar, Ilhan,
Omega Psi Phi, 305
On Her Own Ground (Bundles), 152
On Striver Row (play), 343
On the Down Low (King), 229
O'Neal, John, 344
O'Neal, William “Bill,” 212
O'Neill, Eugene, 339
Opelousas, attacks in, 131
opposing slavery,
organizations, for freedom,
Oriental America (musical theater), 335
Orta, Ramsey, 242
Ossoff, Joe, 257
Osteen, Joel,
Otis, James, 86
Our Nig (Wilson), 312
Out of Bondage (musical theater), 337
overseers, 73
Ovington, Mary White, 153
Owens, Jesse, 471
P
Pace Phonograph Company, 365
Page, Thomas Nelson, 314
Paige, Satchel, 453
Painter, Neil Irvin, 14
Palacio, Vicente Riva, 47
Pamphlet, Gowan, 269
pan-Africanism, 13
Pantaleo, Daniel, 242
Parham, Charles Fox, 272
Parker, Charlie “Bird,” 374
Parks, Rosa, 194
Parks, Suzan-Lori,
passing, 401
Passing (Larsen), 316
Patrick, Deval, 129
Patterson, Frederick P., 302
Patton, Charley, 366
Paul, Rand, 146
pay, for Union soldiers, 117
Payne, Larry, 203
Peary, Robert E.,
Peele, Jordan, 410
Pekin Stock Company, 338
Pence, Mike, 249
Pennsylvania Abolition Society (PAS), 89
Penrice, Ronda Racha, 1
People United to Save Humanity (PUSH),
People's Party, 138
The People v. O.J. Simpson (TV series), 231
PepsiCo, 252
Perdue, David, 256
Perry, Andre M., 252
Perry, Tyler,
Peters, Jesse, 266
Petry, Ann, 325
Pettiford, William, 151
Phi Beta Sigma, 305
The Philadelphia Negro (Du Bois), 301
The Philanthropist (newspaper), 93
Piersen, William, 219
Pike, Stephen, 53
Pinchback, P.B.S., 130
Pinckney, Clementa, 244
Pinkney, Andrea Davis, 329
Pinkney, Brian, 329
pioneers, 18
Pippin, Horace, 496
Pius II, Pope, 43
plantation missions, 264
plantations,
Pleasant, W.S., 271
Plessy v. 298
Poage, George, 471
Poems on Various Subjects (Wheatley), 309
poets,
Poitier, Sidney,
police killings, 278
political office,
politics, church and,
poll tax, 195
Poor People's March, 278
pop culture, BLGOs in, 306
Populist Party, 138
Porgy (play), 339
Porgy and Bess (play), 339
post-Civil War
post-World War II, Black Literature from,
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 276
Powell, Colin, 18
Pratt, Geronimo, 213
Pratt, Tanya Walton, 236
Prayer Pilgrimmage for Freedom, 173
presidency,
Presidential Reconstruction, 121
Pressley, Ayanna, 248
Primus, Pearl, 354
Pritchett, Laurie, 180
Progressive National Baptist Convention (PNBC), 278
Project 100,000, 214
Project Alabama,
Project C, 182
Promised Land, 13
prophets,
Proposition 19
proslavery politics, effects of,
prosperity gospel, 274
Prosser, Gabriel, 77
Prosser, Thomas, 76
Pryor, Richard, 415
public charter schools,
public vouchers,
Pullitzer Prize, first Black recipient of,
Punch, John, 50
Purlie (musical), 345
Q
Quakers, See Railroad
R
race relations, in the north,
racial distinctions,
racial divide,
racial pride, 157
racism, as a theme in films, 401
racist taboos, as a theme in films, 401
Radical Republicans, 123
Radio One, 224
radio shows, during 2020 election, 254
ragtime,
rainbow coalition, 212
Rainey, Gertrude “Ma,” 366
Rainey, J.H., 130
A Raisin in the Sun (play), 345
Ramsey, Peter, 410
Randall, Dudley,
Randolph, A. Philip, 185
Rangel, Charles, 276
Ransier, Alonzo J., 129
rap music,
rappers,
Rashad, Phylicia, 431
Rawlings-Blake, Stephanie,
R&B, 379
reading and writing,
Reagan, Ronald, 210
realism, 319
reality TV shows, 436
Reconstruction,
Reconstruction Act (1967), 123
Red Summer (1919),
Redeemers, 131
Redmond, Sarah Parker, 89
Redmong, Charles Lenox, 89
Reeb, James, 194
Reeves, Tate, 29
Reid, Eric, 246
relief rates, 159
religion.
Remember icon, 4
Renaissance, 40
Reol Productions, 395
reparations,
re-segregating, 293
restaurants,
Revels, Hiram, 276
Revenue Act (1764), 58
revolts and rebellions, See also specific revolts and rebellions
Revolutionary Suicide (Newton), 208
Reynolds, Diamond, 245
Rhimes, Shonda, 435
Rhode Island, 60
Rhodes Scholar, first Black, 483
rhythm, in music, 361
Rice, Condoleezza, 222
Rice, Norm, 221
Rice, Tamir, 278
Rice, Thomas, 351
rice plantations,
Richard, Little, 17
Richardson, George, 143
Richardson, Willis, 341
Richmond, David,
The Rider of Dreams (play), 339
Riggs, Marlon, 337
The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved pamphlet, 86
Rillieux, Norbert,
ring shout, 360
riots, See also specific roits
The Rise of Gospel Blues (Harris), 376
Rivera, Geraldo, 240
Roberts, John G., Jr., 292
Roberts, Robin, 237
Robertson, Carole, 188
Robertson, Oscar, 460
Robinson, Amelia Boynton, 1
Robinson, Jackie, 454
Robinson, Jo Ann, 175
Robinson, June, 275
Robinson, Kenneth O., 275
Robinson, Sugar Ray, 465
Rock, Chris, 417
rock and roll,
Rolfe, John,
Romer, Carl, 252
Roof, Dylan, 244
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 160
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,
Roosevelt, Theodore, 148
Roots (Haley), 9
Roots (TV show), 438
The Roots, 23
Rosa Parks (Parks), 174
Rosewood Massacre (1923), 145
Ross, Clyde, 28
Ross, Rick, 228
rowing, 478
Rowland, Dick, 145
Rucker, Holcombe, 457
Rucker Park, 457
Rudd, Daniel, 281
Rudolph, Wilma, 471
Ruined (play), 350
running away, from slavery,
Rush, Bobby, 211
Russell, Bill, 460
Russell, Charles T., 282
Russwurm, John B., 94
Rustin, Bayard, 237
S
Salamoni, Blane, 245
Salem, Peter, 59
Sam Sharpe Rebellion. War
Samuel DeWitt Proctor Conference, 278
San Juan Bautista (slave ship), 49
San Lorenzo de los Negros, 47
Sanchez, Sonia,
sanctioning slavery,
Sanders, Bernie, 253
Sanders, Sarah Huckabee, 247
Sanders, Tywanza, 244
Sandra Bland Act, 245
Sanford and Sons (TV show), 429
“Sankofa,” 9
satagraha, 172
Saturday Night Live (TV show), 431
Saunders, Charles R., 326
Saxton, Rufus,
Say Her Name (documentary), 245
Schlegel, Friedrich von, 13
Schmoke, Kurt, 221
Schwerner, Michael, 192
Scott, Dred, 106
Scott, Jill, 23
Scott, MacKenzie, 304
Scott, Rick, 239
Seale, Bobby,
Search of Sisterhood (Giddings), 14
A Second Visit to the United States of North America (Lyell), 269
Security Act, 75
Seitz, Collin, 166
Seize the Time (Newton and Seale), 209
Selma, Alabama,
Sentencing Project, 20
Sertima, Ivan Van, 38
Servin, Dante, 245
Seventh-Day Adventists, 283
The Sex Chronicles (Zane), 328
sexual assault, slavery and, 68
Seymour, William Joseph, 272
Shakur, Afeni, 210
Shakur, Assata, 211
Shanahan, Kyle, 247
Shapiro, Thomas M., 223
sharecropping, 290
Sharp, Granville, 95
Sharpton, Al, 277
Shaw, Robert Gould, 118
Sheftall, Beverly Guy, 219
Sherman, William, 31
Sherman, William T., 125
A Short Account of That Part of Inhabited by the Negroes (Benezet), 89
Shuffle Along (musical), 352
Shuttlesworth, Fred, 182
Sierra Leone,
Sigma Gamma Rho, 306
Silver Bluff Baptist Church, 266
Simmons, Daniel L., 244
Simmons, Robin Sue, 32
Simmons, Ruth, 68
Simon the Cyrenian (play), 339
Simpkins, Modjeska Monteith, 165
Simpson, Nicole Brown, 230
Simpson, O.J.,
Singleton, Benjamin “Pap,”
Singleton, John, 303
Sissle, Noble, 340
SisterLove Inc., 229
sit-ins,
1619 Project,
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, 188
Sklarek, Norma Merrick, 18
Slave Codes, 122
Slave Culture (Stuckey), 14
slave narratives,
slave patrols, 112
Slave Songs of the United 362
slave trade, illegal, 113
slaveholders, northern, 67
slavery
about, 65
on African continent,
as an institution, 28
arguing against,
arguing for, 88
Civil War and,
continuation of,
European,
“free” Black Americans,
in Latin America and Caribbean,
life enslaved,
lucrative nature of, 66
marriage, 68
northern,
official abolition of, 47
opposing,
pre-, 11
revolts and rebellions,
sanctioning,
seeking freedom,
sexual assault, 68
smoking, 70
southern,
statistics on, 66
universities and, 68
Slavery in the North (website), 67
Slavery's Exiles (Diouf), 80
Slaves' Escape (musical theater), 337
The Slave Community (Blassingame), 14
Smalls, Robert, 130
Smith, Adam, 87
Smith, Bessie, 366
Smith, James McCune,
Smith, Lamar, 170
Smith, Mamie, 365
Smith, Mary Louise,
Smith, Robert, 302
Smith, Will, 413
Smith, Willie Mae Ford, 377
Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC), 26
Smock, Ginger, 374
smoking, 70
Snipes, Wesley,
Snowfall (TV series), 227
soap stars, 434
social paternalism, 88
Society for the Relief of Free Negroes, 86
Society of Friends, 86
Sojourner Truth (Painter), 14
Soledad Brother (Jackson), 210
Solomon, Job ben, 53
Some Historical Account of Guinea (Benezet), 89
Some Memoirs of the Life of Job (Bluett), 309
Song of Solomon (Morrison), 327
Songhai, 36
songs and singing, 103
Soninke, 35
Sonni Ali, 36
sororities,
soul music,
The Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), 489
The Soul Stirrers, 377
Southeastern Conference (SEC), 29
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 277
southern churches,
Southern Cross,
southern education, 291
Southern Homestead Act (1876),
southern slavery,
Southwest, 224
Spanish Crown, 43
Special Field Order No. 125
“sperate but equal,” 147
Spingarn, Arthur, 153
spirituals,
sports,
The Sport of the Gods (Dunbar), 314
Springfield Baptist Church, 266
Springfield Race Riot (1908), 153
Springfield riots (1908), 143
St. Louis Woman (musical), 345
Stamp Act (1765), 58
Stamped from the Beginning (Kendi), 22
Stanford, Ala, 250
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 130
Staupers, Mabel K., 161
Sterling, Alton, 245
Stevens, Thaddeus, 122
Stevenson, Bryan, 27
Stewart, Henry, 141
Stewart, Maria W., 311
Still, William, 101
Stokes, Carl B., 220
Stokes, Carrie, 166
Stokes, Louis, 220
Stono Rebellion, 287
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 333
A Street in Bronzeville (Brooks), 485
The Strength of Gideon and Other Stories (Dunbar), 314
Stringer, Vickie, 328
Stuckey, Sterling, 14
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC),
Sugar Act (1764), 58
sugar plantations,
Sula (Morrison), 327
Sullivan's Island, 56
Sumanguru, 35
Sumner, Charles, 121
Sundiata Keita, 35
The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America (Du Bois), 301
The Supremes, 382
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of 291
Sweat (play), 350
Sweatt v. 164
Sweet Daddy Grace, 284
swimming, 478
swing jazz, 369
Sykes, Wanda, 420
Symoné, Raven, 237
systemic racism, 22
T
Talbert, David E., 346
Talented Tenth, 149
Talley, Leon, 237
Tallmadge, James, 98
Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 495
tap dance,
Tappan, Arthur, 296
task system, 70
Taylor, Breonna,
Taylor, Elizabeth, 37
Taylor, George Edwin, 221
Taylor, Henry, 55
Taylor, Ivy,
Taylor, John “Doc,” 471
Taylor, Major, 18
Taylor, Ollie,
teacher's college, 297
Technical Stuff icon, 4
Teer, Barbara Ann, 323
television personality, first Black, 484
Ten Point Plan, 215
Tenkamenin, 35
Tennent, Gilbert, 263
Tennessee, 141
tennis,
terminology, 16
Terrell, Mary Church, 216
Terry, Lucy, 309
texture, in music, 361
Tharpe, Rosetta, 274
Tharpe, Sister Rosetta, 377
theater,
Their Eyes Were Watching God (Hurston), 490
Theron, Charlize, 16
They Came Before Columbus (Sertima), 38
The Third Life of Grange Copeland (Walker), 324
Thirteenth Amendment, 147
Thomas, Angie, 329
Thomas, Clarence, 218
Thompson, Allen C., 184
Thompson, Garland Lee, 344
Thompson, Jacqueline, 275
Thompson, Myra, 244
Thoreau, Henry David, 172
Thurman, Wallace, 341
Tilden, Samuel, 133
Till, Emmett, 238
Till, Mamie, 170
Tillmon, Johnnie, 217
Timbuktu, 36
Time Warner, 224
Tindley, Charles, 376
Tlaib, Rashida,
TLC Beatrice, 225
To Make Our World Anew (Kelley), 14
tobacco plantations, 71
Toll, Robert, 334
Tolsey, Alexander, 53
Tolton, Augustus, 281
Tometi, Opal, 22
Toomer, Jean, 317
Torrence, Ridgely,
Towns, William, 252
Townshend Act (1767), 58
track and field,
tragic mulatto, 312
Trail of Tears, 126
transatlantic slave trade, 66
Travis, Joseph, 78
Treasurer (slave ship),
Treaty of 1866, 126
Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479), 39
Triangular Trade,
A Trip to Coontown (musical), 336
Trotter, William Monroe, 153
True Colors Theater Company, 348
True to the Game (Woods), 328
Truman, Harry S., 214
Trump, Donald J., 303
Truth, Sojourner, 311
Tubman, Harriet, 268
Tucker, Chris, 418
Tucker-Worgs, Tamelyn, 273
Tulsa Massacre (1921), 145
Tupac, 391
Ture, Kwame. Stokely
Turner, Benjamin, 130
Turner, Henry McNeil, 265
Turner, Ike, 17
Turner, Nat, 90
Tuskegee Airmen, 161
TV,
Twain, Mark, 16
Twelve Years a Slave (Northrup), 92
12 Million Black Voices (Wright), 320
Twenty-Fourth Amendment, 195
Tyler Perry Studios,
Tyson, Cicely, 422
Tyson, Mike, 466
U
Uncle Tom's Cabin (play), 337
Uncle Tom's Cabin (Stowe), 333
Uncle Tom's Children (Wright), 320
Underground Railroad,
The Underground 101
The Under-ground Railroad (Mitchell), 101
unemployment, cocaine and,
Union, Gabrielle, 237
Union soldiers,
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 36
United Negro College Fund (UNCF), 302
United States National Slavery Museum, 26
United States v. 146
United States v. 146
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 156
universities, 68
university funding, 238
The Untold Story of Emmett Till (documentary), 171
Up from Slavery (Washington),
urban blues, 365
U.S. Bureau of Colored Troops, 116
U.S. Capitol riot,
U.S. Colored Troops,
V
vaccines, 250
Van Dyke, Jason, 243
Van Vechten, Carl, 318
Vance, Courtney B., 231
Vance, Ethel Lee, 244
Vann, Robert L.,
Varick, James, 268
Vashon, George Boyer, 296
Vaughan, Sarah, 372
Vaughan, William R., 31
Vermont, 96
Vesey, Denmark,
Viacom, 224
Vietnam,
Virginia Slave Codes (1705), 51
visual artists,
Vivian, C.T., 256
vocality, 360
volleyball, 478
voting, in Mississippi,
Voting Rights Act (1965), 219
W
Wade, Dwayne, 237
Wade, Richard C., 77
Wade, Zaya, 237
Waite, Morrison Remick “Mott,” 133
Waiting to Exhale (McMillan), 328
Walk Together Chilun (play), 343
Walker, A'Lelia, 318
Walker, Alice, 492
Walker, David, 106
Walker, George,
Walker, Madam C.J., 318
Walker, Wyatt Tee, 188
Walker's Appeal (Walker), 106
Wall, O.S.B., 118
Wall Street Project, 223
Wallace, George, 184
Walling, William English, 153
Walls, Josiah T., 130
Walters, Lemuel, 144
Wanderer (ship), 105
War of 1812, 95
Ward, Clara, 377
Ward, Douglas Turner, 344
Ward, Jesmyn, 27
Ward, Val Gray, 323
Warmoth, Henry C., 129
Warnock, Raphael, 277
Warren, Lovely,
Washington, Booker T.,
Washington, Denzel,
Washington, George, 97
Washington, Harold, 219
Washington, Sarah Spencer, 225
Washington, Walter, 221
Watchmen (TV show), 1
Waters, Ethel, 484
Waters, Maxine, 248
Waters, Muddy,
Waters, Vincent, 282
Watkins, Frances Ellen, 217
Watts riots,
“We Wear the Mask” (poem), 148
wealth inequalities, 20
The Wealth of Nations (Smith), 87
Weaver, Karen,
W.E.B. Du Bois (Lewis), 14
W.E.B. Du 1919-1963 (Lewis), 14
Webb, Frank J., 312
Webb, Gary, 228
Webb, Wellington, 222
Weber, Carl, 328
Webster (TV show), 430
Weeksville Heritage Center, 25
Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 216
Wesley, Charles H., 14
Wesley, Cynthia, 188
Wesley, John, 270
West, Ben, 178
West, Dorothy, 325
West, Kanye, 232
West Virginia, 110
Wheatley, Philip, 17
Wheatley, Phillis, 309
When and Where I Enter (Giddings), 14
When Harlem Was in Vogue (Lewis), 14
When the Levees Broke (docuseries), 232
Where Do We Go From Here (King), 258
Whiney, Eli, 71
Whipple, Prince, 60
White, Deborah Gray, 219
White, Paula, 273
White, Viola, 174
White, Walter, 143
White Citizens' Council (WCC), 188
White Lion (slave ship), 49
white supremacist groups, 122
Whitefield, George, 263
Whitney Plantation Historic District, 24
Who Killed Malcolm X (docuseries), 199
Why Should White Guys Have All the Fun? (Lewis), 225
Wilberforce, William, 296
Wilberforce University, 296
Wild Seed (Butler), 326
Wilder, Douglas, 129
Wilentz, Sean, 27
Wilkins, Roy, 185
William Johnson's 83
Williams, Bert,
Williams, Brian, 235
Williams, George Washington, 13
Williams, Hosea, 194
Williams, Myrlie Evers, 184
Williams, Spencer, 398
Williams, Venus and Serena, 475
Williams, William F. “Bill,”
Williamson, Ansel, 482
Willkins, Roy,
Willmott, Kevin, 144
Wilmington Massacre (1898),
Wilmington's Lie (Zucchino), 257
Wilmot Proviso, 103
Wilson, August, 348
Wilson, Charlie, 329
Wilson, Darren, 242
Wilson, Deborah, 212
Wilson, Harriet E., 325
Wilson, Lionel, 221
Wilson, Phil, 229
The Winans, 378
Winfrey, Oprah,
Wings for This Man (film), 161
winter sports, 477
Winthrop, George, 67
Witherspoon, Evelyn, 143
The Wiz (musical), 345
WNBA,
Wofford, Harris, 179
Wolfe, George C.,
womanism, 325
women
in basketball,
Black comedians,
Black literature and,
in the church,
film directors,
film roles for, 396
HIV/AIDS and, 229
in the Negro Leagues, 451
rap and,
women's rights,
The Women of Brewster Place (Naylor), 324
Woods, Teri, 328
Woods, Tiger, 476
Woodson, Carter G,
Woodson, Carter G.,
Woodson, Jacqueline, 329
Woolman, John, 60
work contract agreements, 127
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 160
World War II, 161
The World and 37
Wright, Jeremiah, 235
Wright, Mose, 170
Wright, Richard, 490
Wright, Silas P., 142
Wright, Simeon, 170
Wu-Tang's Method Man, 414
Wyche, Steve, 246
X
Xenogenesis (Butler), 326
Y
Yale University, 68
Yanga, 47
Yerby, Frank, 321
Yoon, Nicola, 329
Young, Andrew, 221
Young, Coleman, 221
Young, Kevin, 472
Young, Whitney, Jr., 201
Young Jeezy, 235
Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), 156
Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), 156
Z
Zeta Phi Beta, 306
Ziegfeld 352
Zimmerman, George,
Zucchino, David, 257
